Order appropriate diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, echocardiography, and blood tests to determine the underlying cause of pulmonary edema.Inquire about any allergies or sensitivities to medications, as some may exacerbate pulmonary edema.Obtain a complete list of the patient’s current medications, including dosages and frequencies.Examine the neck for JVD and the extremities for peripheral edema.Inspect the patient’s overall appearance, noting signs of distress, cyanosis, or pallor.Monitor fluid intake and output to assess the patient’s overall fluid balance. Evaluate the patient’s urine output and characteristics, looking for oliguria, hematuria, or other signs of kidney dysfunction.Assess the severity of the patient’s symptoms using a standardized scale, if applicable.Inquire about symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), and chest pain.Perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) to evaluate cardiac function and identify any arrhythmias or ischemic changes.Auscultate heart sounds to identify murmurs or irregularities.Assess for peripheral edema, jugular venous distention (JVD), and other signs of fluid overload.
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